![]() The best-known intermezzo is La serva padrona (The Maid as Mistress, 1733) by Giovanni Battista Pergolesi (1710–1736), who used rapid changes of melodic figuration and style to convey the shifting thoughts and moods of the characters. Arias used short, tuneful phrases, organized into periods and accompanied by simple harmonies.Īn intermezzo was a type of Italian comic opera that was performed in two or three segments between the acts of a serious opera or play. Dialogue was set in rapid recitative with keyboard accompaniment. An opera buffa was a full-length comic opera sung throughout, with a combination of serious and comic characters. Many characteristics of Classical music originated in the Italian opera of the first decades of the eighteenth century. Unlike seventeenth-century thinkers, psychologists in the eighteenth century believed that human feelings were constantly changing.Ĭomposers no longer sought to convey a single mood in a movement or section, but instead introduced emotional contrasts within sections or themes. In contrast to the continuous drive of Baroque harmony, the pace of harmonic change was slower in the new style.Ĭomposers compensated for a slower harmonic rhythm by animating the texture through rhythmic means, like the Alberti bass in keyboard music.īy the late eighteenth century, composers differentiated musical material according to its function in the form, with each segment of music serving as a beginning, middle, or end of a phrase, period, section, or piece. Koch showed how to assemble short units into phrases, phrases into periods, and periods into larger forms. A period is formed by two or more phrases ending in a cadence, and a composition was made up of two or more periods.Įighteenth-century theorists such as Heinrich Christoph Koch (1749–1816) frequently referred to music in rhetorical terms, believing that, like speech, it could move emotions and that a composition was like an oration. The new styles were characterized by periodicity. The focus on melody in the Classic period led to a musical syntax different from earlier styles. General Characteristics of the New Style (CHWM 314–16) Writers distinguished between the learned style of contrapuntal writing and the more tuneful, homophonic galant style. Music in the early Classic period reflected a preference for naturalness and a desire for wide appeal. By the early 17th century, opera had become a popular form of entertainment, and it soon spread to other parts of Europe.Chapter 14: The Early Classic Period: Opera and Vocal Music It was developed by a group of composers and poets known as the Florentine Camerata, and the first fully-developed opera was “Dafne,” composed by Jacopo Peri and premiered in Florence in 1598. Opera has been a major part of Western culture for centuries, and its origins can be traced back to the late 16th century in Italy. It soon spread to other parts of Europe, and by the 18th century, it had become a popular form of entertainment. This was followed by the works of Claudio Monteverdi, who is often credited with establishing the standard form of opera.īy the early 17th century, opera was being performed in cities across Italy. The first fully-developed opera is believed to be “Dafne,” which was composed by Jacopo Peri and premiered in Florence in 1598. This group aimed to recreate the music and drama of Ancient Greek tragedy by combining music, acting, and dance. It was initially developed by a group of composers and poets known as the Florentine Camerata. Opera began to emerge in Italy in the late 16th century. The word “opera” is derived from the Italian word “operare,” which means “to work” or “to labor.” It is believed that the term was first used in the late 16th century to describe a form of musical drama. Opera is often considered to be a mix of the musical styles of the Renaissance, Baroque, and Classical periods. It was first developed in Italy in the early 17th century, and soon spread to other parts of Europe. Opera is a form of musical theatre that combines music, acting, and dance. Opera has been a major part of Western culture for centuries, but where did it all begin? In this article, we will explore the origins of opera and the period during which it first emerged.
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